Pareto Distribution

\(P(X>x)\propto x^{-\alpha}\)

e.g. the probability of a city to have over 10k people \(\propto\) \(10000^{-\alpha}\)

special case where \(\alpha=1\) -> Zipf's Law of Frequency,
where size \(\propto \dfrac{1}{\text{rank}}\)

e.g. NYC (US No.1)'s population is x2 of LA (US No.2), x3 of Chicago (US No.3)