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Ch15 The Demand for Factors of Production

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Factor_D_1 Factor_D_2 Factor_D_3 (giffen) Factor_D_4 HW Ch15 & Ch17

1 factor

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2 factor

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not a Giffen good

Giffen good Recap

Ch4 的內容? 季芬財

img (分析 X 時看右兩條,分析 Y 時看左兩條)

價格上升時,需求增加 因為 income effect > substitution effect 發現也是劣等財
in oher words, Giffen goodinferior good (with negative income effect), so when its price increases, income decreases, income effect will cause its demand to rise, while substitution effect will cause its demand to fall, 又 income effect outweighs substitution effect, so overall its demand will increase

香港經濟學家張五常教授認為這種「季芬財」根本不成立。他解釋︰麵包價格除了貨幣價格之外,還有看不見的機會成本。對比其他食物的價格飛漲,麵包的「總價格」是相對下降了,價格降低,消費量自然上升。當時的低收入工人面對麵包價格上漲,只有犧牲其他高消費的食物如馬鈴薯、肉類(其他食物的價格也在上升),以多購「較便宜的」麵包裹腹。正常的價格機制仍在作用。

即使麵包價格下降,因為人與人之間存在著競爭,使季芬財無法在實際中存在。

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/吉芬商品

factor isn't a Giggen good

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producer's surplus

in constant-cost industry,PS = 0 image-20200606134623563

in increasing-cost industry 若成因是 factor 價格隨 industry 規模擴大(產量增加)而上漲 ↓

看起來像是 producer surplus 的那塊其實是跑到了 factor supplier 手裡

HW

#1難

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N1

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N2

(c) 小題請證明產業長期供給(而非總成本) 為:Q = P; (d) the demand curve is: Q = 1, 500 − P

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