Linux/Unix Package Management¶

Where is your package?¶

locate the binary, source, and manual page files for a command

whereis <something>

Homebrew¶

Handling multiple versions¶

See Manage multiple versins of Go on MacOS with Homebrew | Github Gist

Install a version

brew install package@version

Switch a version

Suppose you have the current version of go and go@1.19 installed and you want to switch from go to go@1.19

brew unlink go
brew link go@1.19

apt¶

find package¶

find package

apt-cache search <package>

find files in package

apt-file search <package>

https://unix.stackexchange.com/q/114533/
https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/330069

The following packages have been kept back¶

tldr:

sudo apt dist_upgrade
sudo apt full-upgrade
sudo apt install <kept back packages>

long:

displayed when doing apt upgrade

solved by

sudo apt dist-upgrade

according to https://askubuntu.com/a/602 this is not an ideal solution

about dist-upgrade:

dist-upgrade intelligently handles changing dependencies with new versions of packages

can also use apt full-upgrade (es el versión nuevo)

https://askubuntu.com/a/81594

aptitude¶

Built on apt-get, apt-mark, and apt-cache, super fast.

sudo aptitude update
sudo aptitude fullupgrade
sudo aptitude autoclean

pacman¶

cheatsheet

install package¶

sudo pacman -S <package>

install from tar.xz

sudo pacman -U <something.tar.xz>

update & upgrade all¶

sudo pacman -Syu

remove package¶

sudo pacman -Rsc <package>

remove cache¶

remove all uninstalled packages in cache (s.t. you can downgrade easily)

sudo pacman -Sc

remove all packages in cache

sudo pacman -Scc

autoremove (remove orphan packages)¶

sudo pacman -Rcns $(pacman -Qdtq)
# or
pacman -Qdtq | sudo pacman -Rcns -

https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Pacman/Tips_and_tricks#Removing_unused_packages_(orphans)

list all packages¶

pacman -Ql

search package¶

# match and show description
pacman -Qs <pkg>
# exact match
pacman -Q <pkg>
# exact match and show details
pacman -Si <pkg>

troubleshooting¶

error: GPGME error: No data¶

Do something with pacman but have this error

error: GPGME error: No data

do this to fix

sudo rm -R /var/lib/pacman/sync

https://stackoverflow.com/a/67850084/15493213

error: failed to commit transaction (invalid or corrupted package)¶

When upgrading packages

error: failed to commit transaction (invalid or corrupted package)

do

pacman -Sy archlinux-keyring

https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/574496

yay¶

to install (unofficial) AUR packages

install

yay -S <package>

yum¶

yum-config-manager¶

to use yum-config-manager

yum install yum-utils

see all repos¶

go to /etc/yum.repos.d/

snap¶

install local¶

snap <xxx.snap> --dangerous

https://askubuntu.com/a/1397306

flatpak¶

init¶

install flatpak

sudo pacman -S flatpak

and reboot

add flathub

sudo flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo

install¶

install your flatpak app

sudo flatpak install flathub <app name on flathub>

update¶

update all flatpak packages

flatpak update

autoremove¶

remove unused packages

flatpak uninstall --unused

Appimage¶

Make Appimage appears as native files¶

Use AppimageLauncher

Install

sudo apt install software-properties-common
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:appimagelauncher-team/stable
sudo apt update
sudo apt install appimagelauncher

It should be running automatically. Now, open an appimage (directly, can't be from softlink), a window should popup asking if you want to integrate the appimage into your system. Press Integrate and run. Now, you'll got a native version of your appimage, which can be searched and can be pinned on your dock.

ref

If you don't want to use this app, you'll need to create a .desktop file linking to your appimage.